Numerical investigation on MHD non-Newtonian pulsating Fe₃O₄-blood nanofluid flow through vertical channel with nonlinear thermal radiation, entropy generation, and Joule heating

The main aim of the present investigation is to examine the effect of nonlinear thermal radiation, slip, and Joule heating on MHD Pulsatile flow of third-grade ferro-nanofluid via vertical channel with entropy generation. The significance of this study is that it has plenty of physiological applications like cancer treatment, vitamin injections, dialysis, heart–lung machines during surgeries and industrial applications like filtration, pharmaceutical fluid production, and dispensing cosmetic/glue emulsions with no contamination. Furthermore, the ferro-nanoliquid model is the best model for numerous bio/industrial fluids. Therefore, this study explores the entropy analysis of pulsating third-grade ferro-nanoliquid flow between two parallel vertical walls under an applied magnetic field. Blood is taken as a base fluid (third grade), and iron oxide is used as nanoparticles. The governed nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are nondimensionalized, and then the perturbation technique is employed to attain the set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The bvp4c technique with MATLAB software is utilized to obtain the solutions for the set of ODEs. The deviations in several physical quantities on the flow variables are deployed via graphs. An increment in Eckert number and radiation parameter accelerates the temperature. Entropy generation rate and Bejan number are accelerated for greater values of radiation parameter. The values of the skin friction and Nusselt number against various physical parameters are presented in tables.