Nonlinear optimization of optical camera multiparameter via triple integrated Gradient-based optimizer algorithm

Metaheuristic techniques are widely used to solve various complex real-world problems. Camera calibration is a critical task in machine vision, which aims to determine the optical camera parameters through 2D image features and corresponding 3D spatial features. To overcome the limitations of traditional methods, such as weak local optima avoidance and low calibration accuracy, a triple integrated Gradient-based optimizer (TIGBO_CC) is proposed for nonlinear optimization of optical camera parameters. Several improvements are made to the original Gradient-based optimizer (GBO). First, in the exploration phase, a fitness-distance balance is adopted to select the most contributing candidate to guide the update of the solution. Second, a random search technique is adopted in the exploitation phase. The switching between the original mode and the additional mode follows the probability. Finally, a neighborhood local search is also introduced. Small-step fine search is performed near the optimal solution to improve the quality of the final solution. TIGBO_CC is evaluated on 12 classical functions, the CEC2020 test suite, and the CEC2022 test suite. The experiments include sensitivity analysis, effectiveness analysis, scalability analysis, function value, convergence curve, box plot, Friedman test, Wilcoxon test, etc. Furthermore, a nonlinear camera calibration model is established. Taking the mean reprojection error as the objective function, TIGBO_CC solves the optimal optical camera parameters by minimizing this function. In different scenarios, the calibration method based on TIGBO_CC has high precision and strong reproducibility. Comprehensive analysis shows that TIGBO_CC has excellent optimization ability and practicality.