New insights into the heat transfer dynamics of a hybrid (SWCNT-MWCNT) nanofluid: A case of 3D rotational flow

The current research evaluates the thermophysical characteristics of a rotational Williamson hybrid nano-liquid in three dimensions with Darcy-Forchheimer, magnetic field, nonlinear thermal radiation, activation energy, dual stratifications, and suction/injection effects on a stretched surface. The heat transmission enhancement is primary focus of the current study. Single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes are combined with the base fluid C₂H₆O₂-H₂O to form a hybrid fluid. Tiny particles are studied because of their unique characteristics, like excellent thermal conductivity, which is crucial in contemporary nanotechnology, cooling systems, cancer treatment, material sciences, and electrical components. Partial differential equations define flow models, and these equations are converted into ordinary differential equations by a workable similarity transformation due to the nonlinear nature of the resulting governing differential equations. The Runge–Kutta method is used to solve the mathematical structure numerically. The obtained results revealed a high degree of symmetry and precision compared to previously published studies. The primary velocity of hybrid nanofluid decreased and the secondary velocity of hybrid nanofluid increased for increasing the Williamson parameter values. The temperature as well as concentration profiles of hybrid nano-liquid are reduced for boosted values of stratification parameters. Moreover, Nusselt number, skin friction coefficient along y-axis and Sherwood number of Williamson hybrid nanofluid are declined with incremental in magnetic parameter.