Multifunctional tension–compression conversion sensing structure inspired by rotating stairs

Developing sensors that combine sensitivity and range while detecting multiple physical stimuli is crucial for advancing human–computer interaction. To create a sensor that combines high sensitivity and wide detection range, and can respond to multiple signals, we designed a tension–compression conversion structure (TCS) inspired by the rotating stairs and used the stretchable strain sensor as the sensing unit to realize the detection of pressure and torsion signals. The performance of the multifunctional sensing structure can be designed and predicted by theoretical calculations. The variable stiffness design strategy enables the sensing structure to have satisfactory sensitivity (2.27 N⁻¹) and detection range (0.003 ∼ 25.55 N). In addition, the sensing structure can detect the torsion angle within 30° and the torque within 86.4 N·mm, and can work stably in the underwater environment. This tension–compression conversion sensing structure inspired by rotating stairs will provide new ideas for developing multifunctional sensors with both sensitivity and range.