Multi-Functional Nano-Doped Hollow Fiber from Microfluidics for Sensors and Micromotors

Nano-doped hollow fiber is currently receiving extensive attention due to its multifunctionality and booming development. However, the microfluidic fabrication of nano-doped hollow fiber in a simple, smooth, stable, continuous, well-controlled manner without system blockage remains challenging. In this study, we employ a microfluidic method to fabricate nano-doped hollow fiber, which not only makes the preparation process continuous, controllable, and efficient, but also improves the dispersion uniformity of nanoparticles. Hydrogel hollow fiber doped with carbon nanotubes is fabricated and exhibits superior electrical conductivity (15.8 S m⁻¹), strong flexibility (342.9%), and versatility as wearable sensors for monitoring human motions and collecting physiological electrical signals. Furthermore, we incorporate iron tetroxide nanoparticles into fibers to create magnetic-driven micromotors, which provide trajectory-controlled motion and the ability to move through narrow channels due to their small size. In addition, manganese dioxide nanoparticles are embedded into the fiber walls to create self-propelled micromotors. When placed in a hydrogen peroxide environment, the micromotors can reach a top speed of 615 μm s⁻¹ and navigate hard-to-reach areas. Our nano-doped hollow fiber offers a broad range of applications in wearable electronics and self-propelled machines and creates promising opportunities for sensors and actuators.