Modeling of Flow Behavior for Hybrid Nanoparticles Based on the Two-Component TEMOM Method

A coupled two-component TEMOM model within an Euler–Euler framework was developed to simulate the fluidization behavior of binary nanoparticles. The model captures the agglomeration dynamics and flow characteristics of SiO₂ fine particles and TiO₂ coarse particles under different mixing ratios. Results show that both components exhibit higher particle volume fractions near the bed bottom and a more uniform radial distribution. Among the tested conditions, the 9:1 fine-to-coarse mixing ratio produced the largest bed height, followed by 5:5 and the single-component case, whereas the 7:3 ratio resulted in the lowest bed height. Overall, introducing coarse particles improves fluidization uniformity.