Mid-Frequency Oscillation Analysis and Suppression in Grid-Following Renewable Energy and Gridforming Energy Storage Hybrid Systems

Tiancheng Mu; Jiandong Duan; Zongwei Yang; Hongzheng Wang; Haoran Pei; Ke Zhao

doi:10.1109/PEDG62294.2025.11060166

Mid-Frequency Oscillation Analysis and Suppression in Grid-Following Renewable Energy and Gridforming Energy Storage Hybrid Systems

Tiancheng Mu
, Jiandong Duan
, Zongwei Yang
, Hongzheng Wang
, Haoran Pei
, Ke Zhao

School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy (RE) into the power grid, a large number of power electronic converters with different control strategies are being integrated into the grid. As two common control strategies for power electronic converters, grid-following (GFL) and gridforming (GFM) have drawn widespread attention due to the issue of wide-band frequency oscillations during grid connection. In this paper, an impedance model of the hybrid system consisting of GFL RE and GFM energy storage (ES) is established, and equivalent Bode diagram method of Nyquist criterion is used to analyze the influence of the DC voltage level of RE on the system stability. The research reveals that an increase in the DC voltage level of RE may lead to mid-frequency oscillations in the system. Based on this finding, two impedance reshaping methods are proposed in this paper to suppress these oscillations.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Pages	765-770
Number of pages	6
ISBN (Electronic)	9798331585495
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG62294.2025.11060166
State	Published - 2025
Externally published	Yes
Event	16th IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2025 - Nanjing, China Duration: 28 Mar 2025 → …

Publication series

Name	PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems

Conference

Conference	16th IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2025
Country/Territory	China
City	Nanjing
Period	28/03/25 → …

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Keywords

grid-following renewable energy and grid-forming energy storage hybrid system
impedance model
impedance reshaping
mid-frequency oscillations

Access to Document

10.1109/PEDG62294.2025.11060166

Cite this

Mu, T., Duan, J., Yang, Z., Wang, H., Pei, H., & Zhao, K. (2025). Mid-Frequency Oscillation Analysis and Suppression in Grid-Following Renewable Energy and Gridforming Energy Storage Hybrid Systems. In PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (pp. 765-770). (PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG62294.2025.11060166

Mu, Tiancheng ; Duan, Jiandong ; Yang, Zongwei et al. / Mid-Frequency Oscillation Analysis and Suppression in Grid-Following Renewable Energy and Gridforming Energy Storage Hybrid Systems. PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025. pp. 765-770 (PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems).

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title = "Mid-Frequency Oscillation Analysis and Suppression in Grid-Following Renewable Energy and Gridforming Energy Storage Hybrid Systems",

abstract = "With the increasing penetration of renewable energy (RE) into the power grid, a large number of power electronic converters with different control strategies are being integrated into the grid. As two common control strategies for power electronic converters, grid-following (GFL) and gridforming (GFM) have drawn widespread attention due to the issue of wide-band frequency oscillations during grid connection. In this paper, an impedance model of the hybrid system consisting of GFL RE and GFM energy storage (ES) is established, and equivalent Bode diagram method of Nyquist criterion is used to analyze the influence of the DC voltage level of RE on the system stability. The research reveals that an increase in the DC voltage level of RE may lead to mid-frequency oscillations in the system. Based on this finding, two impedance reshaping methods are proposed in this paper to suppress these oscillations.",

keywords = "grid-following renewable energy and grid-forming energy storage hybrid system, impedance model, impedance reshaping, mid-frequency oscillations",

author = "Tiancheng Mu and Jiandong Duan and Zongwei Yang and Hongzheng Wang and Haoran Pei and Ke Zhao",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 IEEE.; 16th IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2025 ; Conference date: 28-03-2025",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1109/PEDG62294.2025.11060166",

language = "英语",

series = "PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",

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Mu, T, Duan, J, Yang, Z, Wang, H, Pei, H & Zhao, K 2025, Mid-Frequency Oscillation Analysis and Suppression in Grid-Following Renewable Energy and Gridforming Energy Storage Hybrid Systems. in PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems. PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 765-770, 16th IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2025, Nanjing, China, 28/03/25. https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG62294.2025.11060166

Mid-Frequency Oscillation Analysis and Suppression in Grid-Following Renewable Energy and Gridforming Energy Storage Hybrid Systems. / Mu, Tiancheng; Duan, Jiandong; Yang, Zongwei et al.
PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025. p. 765-770 (PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Mid-Frequency Oscillation Analysis and Suppression in Grid-Following Renewable Energy and Gridforming Energy Storage Hybrid Systems

AU - Mu, Tiancheng

AU - Duan, Jiandong

AU - Yang, Zongwei

AU - Wang, Hongzheng

AU - Pei, Haoran

AU - Zhao, Ke

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - With the increasing penetration of renewable energy (RE) into the power grid, a large number of power electronic converters with different control strategies are being integrated into the grid. As two common control strategies for power electronic converters, grid-following (GFL) and gridforming (GFM) have drawn widespread attention due to the issue of wide-band frequency oscillations during grid connection. In this paper, an impedance model of the hybrid system consisting of GFL RE and GFM energy storage (ES) is established, and equivalent Bode diagram method of Nyquist criterion is used to analyze the influence of the DC voltage level of RE on the system stability. The research reveals that an increase in the DC voltage level of RE may lead to mid-frequency oscillations in the system. Based on this finding, two impedance reshaping methods are proposed in this paper to suppress these oscillations.

AB - With the increasing penetration of renewable energy (RE) into the power grid, a large number of power electronic converters with different control strategies are being integrated into the grid. As two common control strategies for power electronic converters, grid-following (GFL) and gridforming (GFM) have drawn widespread attention due to the issue of wide-band frequency oscillations during grid connection. In this paper, an impedance model of the hybrid system consisting of GFL RE and GFM energy storage (ES) is established, and equivalent Bode diagram method of Nyquist criterion is used to analyze the influence of the DC voltage level of RE on the system stability. The research reveals that an increase in the DC voltage level of RE may lead to mid-frequency oscillations in the system. Based on this finding, two impedance reshaping methods are proposed in this paper to suppress these oscillations.

KW - grid-following renewable energy and grid-forming energy storage hybrid system

KW - impedance model

KW - impedance reshaping

KW - mid-frequency oscillations

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DO - 10.1109/PEDG62294.2025.11060166

M3 - 会议稿件

AN - SCOPUS:105011734887

T3 - PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems

SP - 765

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BT - PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems

PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

T2 - 16th IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2025

Y2 - 28 March 2025

ER -

Mu T, Duan J, Yang Z, Wang H, Pei H, Zhao K. Mid-Frequency Oscillation Analysis and Suppression in Grid-Following Renewable Energy and Gridforming Energy Storage Hybrid Systems. In PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2025. p. 765-770. (PEDG 2025 - 2025 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems). doi: 10.1109/PEDG62294.2025.11060166

Mid-Frequency Oscillation Analysis and Suppression in Grid-Following Renewable Energy and Gridforming Energy Storage Hybrid Systems

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

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