Microstructure Evolution of Extruded TiAl Alloy During Vacuum Isothermal Superplastic Forging Process

Vacuum isothermal forging is an ideal method for preparing high-performance TiAl alloy forgings, as it is carried out under the conditions of a uniform temperature field and oxygen isolation. The mechanical properties of TiAl alloys strongly depend on their microstructure, so it is important to study their microstructure evolution during the forging process to improve their properties. In this study, TiAl alloy forgings with different deformations were produced from the extruded billets by vacuum isothermal superplastic forging under lower temperatures and extremely low strain rate conditions. The results indicate that the streamlined structure in the extruded alloy was destroyed during the forging process. As the deformation increased, the dynamic recrystallization was more fully carried out, leading to a substantial decrease in remnant lamellar colonies and a significant increase in the γ phase, and the microstructure was transformed from nearly lamellar (NL) to near gamma (NG) structure. The proportion of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGB) increased with increasing deformation, while the grain size reduced from 20 μm to 4.6 μm. In addition, the streamlined features and textures exhibited a weakening trend with increasing deformation, leading to a decrease in the ultimate strength from 891 MPa to 722 MPa. To maintain the streamlined characteristics and retain strengthening effects, the forging deformation should not exceed 56.7%.