Magnetic Characterization of Spacecraft Equipment in a Magnetic Shielded Room

The magnetic characterization of a spacecraft plays a crucial role in ensuring magnetic cleanliness for various space exploration missions. When conducting the magnetic characterization, environmental noise in traditional magnetic coil facilities (MCFs) can significantly reduce the accuracy of magnetic model predictions by influencing the measured magnetic field data. Therefore, the magnetic characterization of spacecraft equipment in a magnetic shielded room (MSR) is conducted in this article to address the above issue. However, the magnetic field generated by the spacecraft equipment may undergo distortion within the MSR due to the presence of high-permeability materials comprising the shielding structure. Therefore, the magnetic characteristics of spacecraft are expressed using the spherical harmonic method and then decomposed into multipole models, in this article. Subsequently, the method of images is used to present the distribution of image multipoles, and the relationship between the spherical harmonic coefficients of original multipoles and image multipoles is provided. Finally, a spherical harmonic model of spacecraft equipment considering the coupling effect with the MSR is proposed. The validity and accuracy of the proposed magnetic characterization method inside the MSR have been verified through simulations and experiments, respectively.