LPI (a compound liquid preparation) regulates type II diabetes by targeting AMPK and ISR1 signaling pathways

Background: This study explored the impact of liquid preparations (LPI) derived from Lonicera caerulea L., Polygonatum sibiricum, and Inonotus obliquus on Glucose, Lipid Metabolism in II Diabetes (T2D) mice in vivo. Methods: A diabetic mouse model was induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin, mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, and after 28 days of intervention, key metabolic enzyme activities, relevant biomarker levels, and gene/protein expression in associated signaling pathways related to glucose metabolism were measured. Results: LPI lays a strong foundation for the high-value utilization of plant-based resources and offered potential in alleviating diabetes symptoms. Notably, LPI could ameliorate glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in diabetic mice via the IRS1/AKT/FOXO1 and AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway, and significantly enhance the enzyme activities of Hexokinase (HK), Pyruvate kinase (PK), Glycogen phosphorylase (GP), Glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in diabetic mice, resulting in a decrease in Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that LPI alleviates diabetic symptoms through these signaling pathways, with optimal doses varying across pathways, indicating its dose-dependent positive effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic mice.