Abstract
This study evaluated the environmental impact of three food waste hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) scenarios integrated with bio-processing units. Scenario 2, which involved dark fermentation followed by HTL, produced the highest bio-oil yield and quality but also had the greatest environmental impact due to increased carbon emissions. Scenario 3, which combined HTL with anaerobic digestion, showed the most favorable environmental outcomes by effectively treating wastewater and generating biogas, making it the most sustainable option. Scenario 1, involving only HTL and wastewater treatment, had a lower environmental impact but yielded lower-quality bio-oil. Overall, scenario 3 is recommended for its balance between environmental sustainability and resource efficiency.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 14075-14088 |
| Number of pages | 14 |
| Journal | Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery |
| Volume | 15 |
| Issue number | 9 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - May 2025 |
UN SDGs
This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
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SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy
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SDG 8 Decent Work and Economic Growth
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SDG 12 Responsible Consumption and Production
Keywords
- Bio-oil
- Food waste
- Hydrothermal liquefaction
- Life cycle assessment
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