Janus solar evaporators: a review of innovative technologies and diverse applications

In contemporary times, the issue of freshwater resource scarcity has become increasingly acute. Interfacial solar evaporation (ISE) technology is highly anticipated to address this conundrum. Nevertheless, in practical applications, the intricate properties of sewage are frequently neglected. At this point, the utilization of Janus films for ISE is undoubtedly a significant breakthrough, which has completely revolutionized the traditional evaporation pattern. Given the immense potential exhibited by Janus films in the domain of ISE, it is of crucial significance to conduct in-depth research and comprehensive analysis thereon. This review commences with a comprehensive examination of the merits possessed by Janus film based ISE. Subsequently, it elaborates in detail from aspects such as structure, manufacturing materials, and practical applications. Meanwhile, vital overall sustainable footprint equations for performance evaluation and practical applications are presented. Additionally, it precisely pinpoints the challenges in light of the current research status. The incorporation of Janus films into the burgeoning ISE technology signifies a revolutionary achievement, presenting extremely prospective solutions within the realms of seawater desalination and wastewater treatment.