Issues of limitation of international criminal justice in the modern world

The study examined the problems associated with the International Criminal Court and its current role in the world. The exit of some countries from the African Union and sanctions by the United States of America raises questions about its role from a realistic perspective. This research aimed to investigate the tension between the International Criminal Courtʼs ideological bases and the practical obstacles it encounters in a politicised international world that frequently restricts its efficacy due to state sovereignty, varied legal systems, and political interests. Doctrinal analysis, comparative legal analysis, case law analysis, political-legal analysis, and content analysis were used to implement this goal. The peculiarities of the formation of the International Criminal Court are revealed. It is emphasised that this court, created on an idealistic basis, faces challenges that include the withdrawal of African Union member states, U.S. sanctions, and resistance from countries prioritising national sovereignty and political interests. It is found that conflicts between state parties and the court, as well as problems in the courtʼs governance, emphasise the inconsistency between the ideal concept of the International Criminal Court and the real basis of its work. The importance of a rational return of the International Criminal Court and a more balanced perception of its role in the modern world is highlighted. It is concluded that exaggerating the importance of the court may threaten its future existence, and therefore it is important to consider the realities of contemporary politics in the further development and functioning of the International Criminal Court. Recommendations are developed to improve the efficiency of the courtʼs practice. This study offers practical insights for international legal practitioners, policymakers, and diplomats by emphasising the importance of reconciling national sovereignty and legal systems with International Criminal Court mandates in order to improve cooperation and effectiveness, particularly in politically unstable regions such as Africa and Eastern Europe.