Investigation on hysteretic behavior and hysteretic restoring force model of H-shaped frame columns in steel tall buildings under along-wind loads

Performance-based wind engineering (PBWE) offers an effective framework for achieving an optimal balance between structural safety and economic efficiency wind-resistant structural design. However, a major challenge lies in accurately capturing the hysteretic energy dissipation behavior of structural members under wind loads, as existing quasi-static loading protocols and hysteresis models are predominantly derived from seismic considerations. This study develops a wind-specific hysteretic loading protocol and a corresponding hysteresis model for steel H-shaped frame columns subjected to wind loading. A fiber model of the CAARC standard building was developed in OpenSEES to analyze the wind-induced response of steel columns, and a wind-specific hysteretic experimental loading protocol was generated using the rain-flow counting method. Based on the simulated hysteretic behavior of 1028 simulated steel columns under the proposed wind loading protocol, the hysteresis parameters of modified Ibarra-Medina-Krawinkler (mIMK) model were identified through least-squares method and unscented Kalman filtering. Stepwise regression analysis was then used to establish empirical relationships between geometric parameters and hysteresis model parameters of the steel columns. The results reveal that conventional hysteresis models developed based on seismic loading fail to accurately predict the cumulative plastic deformation capacity of H-shaped frame columns under wind loads. In particular, these models underestimate the stiffness-related cumulative plastic deformation capacity and the post-capping rotation, while overestimating the strength-related cumulative plastic deformation capacity of steel columns subjected to wind loading. In contrast, the proposed model incorporates key factors such as axial load ratio, slenderness ratio, and column geometry, providing more precise predictions of deterioration parameters for steel columns under wind loads. This study offers a reliable and effective modeling tool for performance-based wind design, enhancing the safety and efficiency of high-rise buildings subjected to wind loads.