Integrated Communication and Navigation Based on LEO Satellite Networks: A Survey

Advancements in communication, manufacturing, and launch technologies have significantly accelerated the development of low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication constellations. Simultaneously, the rapid expansion of LEO satellite platforms presents new opportunities for navigation enhancements and substantial benefits for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. This survey highlights the latest advancements in the integrated communication and navigation (ICAN) technologies, emphasizing key research issues. Specifically, we discuss the motivation and feasibility of integrating communication and navigation on LEO satellite platforms, analyzing various LEO-based navigation paradigms while assessing their respective advantages and limitations. We further explore the mutual promotion of navigation and communication under the ICAN paradigm and discuss waveform design, analyzing the characteristics of different waveform design approaches. Finally, we highlight the unique challenges and identify open research topics within the ICAN framework for future exploration.