Improved Interoperability Evaluation Method for Wireless Charging Systems Based on Interface Impedance

The interoperability between the vehicle assembly and ground assembly of wireless charging systems has been specified in international standards. SAE J2954 first proposed an interoperability evaluation method based on interface impedance. However, the impedance measurement is challenging at high frequency since the phase difference between the voltage and current is not easy to measure accurately, especially when it is close to 90°. Small errors in phase angle measurement are amplified in impedance calculation due to the sine/cosine function. This letter proposes an impedance measurement method using the power decomposition algorithm. By decomposing the input power into two orthogonal components, the impedance angle can be calculated without directly measuring the phase difference between the voltage and current. Thus, the measurement results of the impedance angle do not introduce errors. With the proposal, the high-cost probe or complex high-precision phase difference measurement circuit is not needed. The experimental results show that the conventional method's maximum relative error reaches 80%, making interoperability hard to determine. Reversely, with the proposed method, the relative error of impedance measurement is reduced to less than 10%.