Hydrogen storage on flat land materials, opportunities, and challenges: A review study

Currently, hydrogen (H) is considered as a promising source of energy for future demands. Although, significant work is dedicated to the H production, but its storage is still a substantial challenge. Through this review report, it can be postulated that chemical storage is a suitable technique as compared to physical storage, since in physical storage, it requires higher temperature and pressure for hydrogen storage, whereas smaller amount of temperature and pressure is needed during the chemical process. Furthermore, a detailed review was carried out for hydrogen storage on graphene systems, apart from graphene few novel 2D systems were also studied regarding their application in hydrogen storage. Through detailed survey, it was observed that boron as a surface activating agent for various 2D sheets provides significant H wt% as compared to other impurity atoms used for various 2D sheets. Hence, it can be postulated that boron-doped systems can be good hydrogen storage agents. Further, transition metal di-chalcogenides (TMDCs) sheets are rarely used as host sheets for H storage, whereas TM impurities are considered for 2D sheets activation. In addition to above, the advantages and disadvantages of the different 2D systems for hydrogen storage are discussed and compared in a detailed manner.