Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs): Multifunctional material on analytical monitoring

Porous materials have garnered significant attention in various scientific disciplines, including clinical, medical, and environmental sciences, due to their versatile applications. Recently, a new class of porous materials known as hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) has emerged. HOFs are formed through extended frameworks connected via hydrogen bonding and offer distinct advantages, including a well-defined crystalline structure, facile solution processing, and straightforward regeneration processes. These exceptional properties have driven research interest in HOFs, leading to the development of innovative platforms for a wide range of multifunctional applications. HOFs can be tailored to specific porosity and structural requirements by rationalizing the selection of organic building blocks. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles underlying HOFs, synthesis methods, and various hydrogen bonding motifs, such as diaminotriazine (DAT), carboxylic acid (–COOH), and sulfonic acid (–SO₃H), used in constructing stable HOFs. We discuss recent advancements in HOF research, addressing critical concerns related to stability, reusability, and conductivity, with a focus on electrostatic binding strengths. Additionally, we explore potential applications of HOFs, including proton conduction, catalysis, sensing, luminescent materials, and biotechnology. Finally, we provide insights into the future prospects and challenges associated with HOFs, offering valuable guidance for further exploration and advancement in the dynamic field of porous materials.