Highly Efficient Phosphate Scavenger Based on Well-Dispersed La(OH)₃ Nanorods in Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers for Nutrient-Starvation Antibacteria

La(OH)₃ nanorods immobilized in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers (PLNFs) were fabricated for the first time by electrospinning and a subsequent in situ surfactant-free precipitation method and then applied as a highly efficient phosphate scavenger to realize nutrient-starvation antibacteria for drinking water security. The immobilization by PAN nanofibers effectively facilitated the in situ formation of the aeolotropic and well-dispersed La(OH)₃ nanostructures and, thus, rendered higher phosphate removal efficiency due to more exposed active sites for binding phosphate. The maximum phosphate capture capacity of La(OH)₃ nanorods in PAN nanofibers was around 8 times that of the La(OH)₃ nanocrystal fabricated by precipitation without PAN protection. Moreover, remarkably fast adsorption kinetics and high removal rate were observed toward low concentration phosphate due to the high activity of our materials, which can result in a stringent phosphate-deficient condition to kill microorganisms in water effectively. The present material is also capable of preventing sanitized water from recontamination by bacteria and keeping water biologically stable for drinking. Impressively, stabilized by PAN nanofibers, the La(OH)₃ nanorods can be easily separated out after reactions and avoid leaking into water. The present development has great potential as a promising antimicrobial solution for practical drinking water security and treatment with a negligible environmental footprint.