High-volume glass powder blended cements

Most glass products exhibit a short lifespan, resulting in a large quantity of waste glass (WG) generation on a global scale (Jani and Hogland, 2014; Adesina, 2022). The complexities in segregating diverse glass types, colors, and the presence of contaminants allow the remanufacturing of only a fraction of WG, given the stringent constraints governing glass recycling procedures (Mohajerani et al., 2017). Although the European Union has a recycling rate for WG that surpasses 70%, many specific regions (e.g., Australia, the USA, and Hong Kong) show only a 20%-40% recycling rate due to the lack of comprehensive WG collection and recycling infrastructure (Lu et al., 2017a, 2019). Globally, the overall WG recycling rate is below 30% (Santana-Carrillo et al., 2022), resulting in the annual disposal of approximately 200 million tons of WG in landfills, exacerbating land scarcity issues (Xiao et al., 2022). Hence, the pursuit of sustainable WG management solutions becomes important. To address this issue, WG has been applied in the construction industry, such as aggregate (Mohajerani et al., 2017), supplementary cementitious material in ordinary Portland cement systems (Snellings et al., 2023; Scrivener et al., 2018), and an alternative activator (Puertas and Torres-Carrasco, 2014) or a precursor (Liu et al., 2019) in geopolymers. The application of WG has been discussed in previous review articles (Shayan and Xu, 2004; Ling et al., 2011; Carsana et al., 2014; Du and Tan, 2017; Chandra Paul et al., 2018; Heriyanto et al., 2018; Khan et al., 2019; Nahi et al., 2020; Shoaei et al., 2020; Guo et al., 2021; Higuchi et al., 2021; You et al., 2021; Ali et al., 2022; Paul et al., 2022; Yoo et al., 2022). This chapter will introduce the use of glass powder (GP) in high-volume glass powder blended cement (HVGPC), covering aspects such as reactivity, hydration, fresh properties, mechanical properties, microstructure, and durability.