Harnessing piezo-potential in photocatalysis: Fundamental mechanisms, material fabrication, and environmental engineering solutions

Piezo-photocatalysis, an emerging paradigm synergizing photocatalysis and piezoelectricity, has revolutionized catalytic science by leveraging strain-induced built-in electric fields to overcome the persistent limitations of charge recombination and sluggish reaction kinetics in conventional systems. Hence, there has been an evolving effort to design and tailor piezo-photocatalysts with excellent catalytic efficiency for various applications. Unlike previous reviews centered on catalytic efficiency enhancement, this work establishes a paradigm-shifting focus by systematically explaining how piezo-field accelerates the migration of charge carriers and comprehensively exhibiting the effect of piezo-potential on catalysis. The review begins with a detailed introduction to photocatalysis and piezoelectricity, providing significant insights for an in-depth understanding of piezo-photocatalysis. Subsequently, we exhibit the mechanism of piezo-photocatalysis summarized from convincing evidence. The review then focuses on the evolution of piezo-photocatalysts and their various application requirements. Finally, the current challenges and prospects for further development of piezo-photocatalysis are outlined. This review is expected to provide a comprehensive guide for the deep understanding and comprehensive development of piezo-photocatalysts for emerging energy and environmental applications.