Graphene field-effect transistor chemical/biological sensors

With the rapid development of nanotechnology in the past decade, chemical/biological sensors using graphene materi als have attracted significant attention for chemical, genom ics, biomedical diagnostics, and drug discovery applications. Graphene-based chemical/biological devices with high sen sitivity, low decreased energy consumption, and potentially highly miniaturized integration have gradually developed in conventional sensing technologies. Due to their particular structure and excellent properties, including high specific sur face area, outstanding electrical conductivity, and high chem ical stability, graphene has become the promising material for the development of new types of chemical/biological sensors. In this chapter, we mainly introduce the basic concept, con figuration, working mechanism of graphene-based transistor sensors, and their applications in ultrasensitive detection of chemical/biological entities, such as poisonous gases, nucleic acids, proteins, and cells.