Filterless Square-Wave Injection Based Initial Position Detection for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

With regard to the initial position detection for position sensorless interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) drives, existing saliency-tracking-based methods have difficulties to determine the amplitude and width of the pulses for the short pulses injection method, and also have low signal-noise ratio for the position-dependent secondary-harmonics-based method. Hence, this paper presents a filterless square-wave voltage injection based initial position detection scheme for position sensorless IPMSM drives. A high-frequency square-wave voltage vector is injected in the estimated d-axis, then the position error information is demodulated through filterless carrier signal separation, and the position tracking observer is adopted to obtain the initial position. Based on the magnetic saturation effect, the magnetic polarity can be identified by comparing the amplitudes of the induced d-axis high-frequency current with two given d-axis current offsets which are equal in value but opposite in direction. Experiments on a 2.2kW IPMSM sensorless vector controlled drive have been carried out to verify the proposed scheme. The experimental results show that the initial position detection for standstill and free-running rotor applications as well as the stable operation at low speed range can be guaranteed with a fast convergence speed. The maximum position estimation error is limited within 6.9°.