Explosive field trial for repetitive testing of VBIEDs to probabilistically measure blast and fragmentation hazards

This paper describes results from an explosive field trial of the detonation of Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Devices (VBIEDs). The purpose of the trials is to replicate tests with identical car type and explosive mass to help probabilistically characterise the uncertainty and variability of blast pressures and fragment hazards. These variabilities may be considerable, and it is important to recognise that the world is not deterministic. The paper describes the spatial variability (directionality) of incident pressure, impulse and time of positive phase duration, and compares these to results from a bare charge, and the hemispherical surface burst Kingery and Bulmash polynomials often used for predicting blast loads from IEDs, such as ConWep. This also allows directional airblast factors to be quantified. The spatial distribution of over 26,000 fragments on the ground is also presented over the 250 m × 300 m test arena. The fragment densities and velocities obtained from the witness panels are also described, and preliminary fatality risks were estimated. These data may help develop or validate airblast and fragment hazard numerical or other models. Ultimately, probabilistic approaches will provide decision support for the determination of safety distance and risk reduction measures to prevent fatality and injury from blast pressure and fragmentation hazards.