Exploring the construction and optimization of collaborative forest fire rescue systems in China

The abruptness, devastation, and unpredictability of forest fires place significant demands on the systemic and coordinated functions of rescue organizations. Strengthening the forest fire rescue system is a critical component of consolidating forest firefighting and suppression capabilities. Forest fire rescue operations can be made more effective by establishing a coordinated system that enables precise integration across critical areas such as fire monitoring, resource allocation, and tactical coordination. In this study, the fundamental structure of a coordinated forest fire rescue system that comprises local rescue organizations, reinforcement rescue organizations, and social rescue organizations is proposed. A stochastic evolutionary game model for forest fire collaboration and rescue is developed, accounting for random disturbance factors and based on evolutionary game theory. Furthermore, a numerical simulation analysis elucidates the distinct functions of various rescue organizations within a coordinated forest fire rescue system. These findings clarify the mechanisms through which various factors affect coordinated forest fire rescue systems and the strategic decisions of different rescue organizations. The results indicate that the local rescue organization serves as the central component of collaborative forest fire rescue systems. The social rescue organization plays a supportive role, with its strategy selection relying on the leadership of the local rescue organization. The reinforcement rescue organization is an important complement to collaborative forest fire rescue systems. In terms of resource and capacity development, a widely distributed and comprehensive rescue team system plays a supportive role in increasing the effectiveness of collaborative forest fire rescue efforts. An efficient, adaptable, and sufficient forest fire rescue equipment system accelerates the formation of a collaborative forest fire rescue system. In terms of information interaction and sharing, mutual understanding and communication among diverse rescue organizations are improved by information sharing during both non-fire and fire rescue periods. This serves as a dual engine, driving both the development of a collaborative forest fire rescue system and increased forest fire rescue effectiveness. On this basis, this study suggests a way to improve the efficacy of collaborative forest fire rescue efforts grounded in forest fire rescue practices and demands.