Environmental assessment of woven hemp fibre reinforced epoxy composites and potential applications in aerospace and electric scooter industries

This paper aims to present a hemp-based natural fibres composite value chain that could be implemented in biocomposite structures and replace synthetic fibres. Life cycle assessment (LCA) allows the assessment of the environmental footprint of the hemp fibre reinforcement value chain. This general case is complemented with two hemp fibre reinforcement applications, i.e. (1) a hemp fibre reinforced epoxy-based aircraft dashboard panel and (2) a hemp fibre reinforced epoxy-based biomonocoque for an electric scooter. LCA is also used to assess the environmental footprint of the application cases. All the hemp fibre-based value chain applications shown here demonstrate a lower environmental footprint than the fossil-based reinforcement value chain, particularly regarding the global warming potential, among other impact categories except for the case where the specific tensile strength was used as the functional unit for comparison. Impact categories related to agricultural activities, such as the eutrophication potential, land use, and freshwater consumption, are higher for the hemp-based value chains than for conventional synthetic fibre-based solutions. This study shows how conventional synthetic fibre products have the potential to be replaced by hemp-based natural fibre solutions depending on the required applications, which could lower the environmental footprint and help contribute to the ongoing climate mitigation efforts.