Abstract
An electric spring (ES) is effective in enhancing the operational flexibility and facilitating renewable energy integration. An ES can determine the operation status of the connected noncritical loads (NCLs) by adjusting its output voltage. It is possible to use NCLs as operation resources for renewable integration. In this paper, a model predictive control (MPC)-based strategy is proposed to dispatch ESs with a water heating system (WHS) used as an NCL in an islanded microgrid to accommodate fluctuating renewables. Critical loads (CLs) in the microgrid can also benefit from ESs by obtaining a reliable supply voltage with smaller deviations than other loads. The CL is modeled using a ZIP static load model, which is commonly used to represent loads of a power system. The temperature constraint of the WHS and the ramping constraint of a diesel generator are considered and can be effectively managed by the proposed MPC strategy. Finally, the capabilities of NCLs with ESs to enhance operational flexibility are studied through sensitivity analyses with different ramping abilities of the microgrid.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 8047298 |
| Pages (from-to) | 899-909 |
| Number of pages | 11 |
| Journal | IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid |
| Volume | 10 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 2019 |
| Externally published | Yes |
UN SDGs
This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
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SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy
Keywords
- Critical loads
- electric spring
- model predictive control
- renewable energy
- water heating system
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