Enhanced treatment of coal gasification wastewater in a membraneless sleeve-type bioelectrochemical system

A bioelectrochemical system (BES) is a technology with potential for accelerating the degradation of recalcitrant compounds, the components and configurations of which are important for treatment performance. In the present work, a membraneless sleeve-type BES (termed BioE) was designed for the treatment of synthetic coal gasification wastewater (CGW, phenol as a model pollutant) and real CGW. Compared with the biological control (termed Bio), the phenol removal rate and COD removal efficiency increased by 2.6 and 2.1 fold in the BioE, respectively. However, the coulombic efficiency of this system was relatively low, ranging from 0.42% to 2.6%. This combination of results indicated that anode respiration was not the main process in the BioE. The increased CH₄ production and higher levels of methanogens obtained from the BioE confirmed that the methanogenic process proceeded, possibly facilitated by the diffusion of H₂ from the cathode to the anode. This study provides new insight into biocathode function for COD oxidation removal in BESs. Moreover, this study indicates that pursuing a high coulombic efficiency may not be necessary for wastewater treatment, as it consumes less energy at the lower value.