Enhanced Thermal Stability in Dielectric Properties of NaNbO₃ –Modified BaTiO₃ –BiMg_1/2 Ti_1/2 O₃ Ceramics for X9R-MLCC Applications

0.5BaTiO₃ –(0.5 − x)BiMg_1/2 Ti_1/2 O₃ –xNaNbO₃ (x = 0.10–0.30) ceramics were processed via a conventional solid state sintering route. X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy showed the formation of a cubic perovskite structure. Microstructural analysis of the samples revealed densely packed grains. The addition of NaNbO₃ resulted in the enhancement in dielectric properties as a function of temperature. Relative permittivity decreased from 850 to 564 (at room temperature) with an increase in x; however, the stability in dielectric properties was improved with an increase in NaNbO₃ concentration. At x = 0.25, relative permittivity (ε_r ) was ~630 ± 15% in a temperature range of −70–220^◦ C with low dielectric loss (tan δ) < 0.025 (−57 to 350^◦ C) and high recoverable energy density ~0.55 J/cm³ which meet the criterion for X9R MLCC applications.