Enhanced nonlinear optical properties of nonzero-bandgap graphene materials in glass matrices

The third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the nonzero-bandgap graphene materials, including graphene oxide nanosheets, graphene oxide nanoribbons, graphene quantum dots, and corresponding hybrid glasses, were investigated using ns and ps Z-scan techniques at 532 nm. The observed nonlinear absorption effects were affected by laser duration. Reverse saturable absorption was observed in the ns regime, while saturable absorption dominated in the ps regime. The NLO performance was enhanced in the hybrid glasses. These findings open up new possibilities for the practical application of graphene materials in the NLO field.