Effect of stress on the ferroelectric properties of ferroelectric film

Hysteresis loops of polarizations versus the applied electric field, the butterfly curve of strain versus the applied electric field in a ferroelectric film subjected to a stress field is simulated using the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation, which take surface effect into account. The simulated result shows that the remanent polarization increases with compressive, decrease with tensile. For a positive extrapolation length, the polarization is reduced at the surface. Both of these trends qualitatively agree with experiments.