Dynamic Power Allocation in Multi-stack Fuel Cell Systems: A State Machine Strategy Incorporating Degradation Mechanisms

Weihong Yang; Jian Mei; Ran Zhuo; Yuxin Zhang; Xuan Meng; Chuanyu Sun; Zhongwei Li; Jinhai Jiang; Fulin Fan; Rui Xue; Kai Song

doi:10.1007/978-981-92-0549-3_52

Dynamic Power Allocation in Multi-stack Fuel Cell Systems: A State Machine Strategy Incorporating Degradation Mechanisms

Weihong Yang
, Jian Mei^*
, Ran Zhuo
, Yuxin Zhang
, Xuan Meng
, Chuanyu Sun^*
, Zhongwei Li
, Jinhai Jiang
, Fulin Fan
, Rui Xue
, Kai Song^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Electric Power Research Institute of CSG
School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

Multi-Stack Fuel Cell systems (MSFCs), due to their modular design and adaptability to complex operating conditions, have become a research hotspot, but efficient and stable power distribution remains the key challenge to performance optimization. This paper proposes a state-machine-based power allocation method that integrates fuel cell degradation mechanisms and high-efficiency operating zones, defining transitions between multi-stack operating states to enable rapid decision-making and dynamic power distribution, ensuring real-time responsiveness and operational flexibility. Compared to traditional Equal Power Allocation (EPA) and Daisy Chain Power Allocation (DCPA) strategies, the proposed method shows significant advantages in reducing fuel cell degradation, while ensuring that all three fuel cell stacks operate predominantly within the high-efficiency region (efficiency > 0.5) with smaller fluctuations. The results demonstrate that this method not only reduces frequent power fluctuations but also provides a new solution for the intelligent and modular operation and management of MSFCs.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	The Proceedings of 2025 International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems - Volume 1
Editors	Limin Jia, Lei Qi, Zhuangzhuang Liu, Hao Chen, Xianfeng Xu, Baoquan Wei
Publisher	Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Pages	509-516
Number of pages	8
ISBN (Print)	9789819205486
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-92-0549-3_52
State	Published - 2026
Externally published	Yes
Event	International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems, EENES 2025 - Hangzhou, China Duration: 31 Oct 2025 → 2 Nov 2025

Publication series

Name	Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
Volume	1638 LNEE
ISSN (Print)	1876-1100
ISSN (Electronic)	1876-1119

Conference

Conference	International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems, EENES 2025
Country/Territory	China
City	Hangzhou
Period	31/10/25 → 2/11/25

Keywords

Multi-stack Fuel Cell
Power Allocation
State Machine Strategy

Access to Document

10.1007/978-981-92-0549-3_52

Cite this

Yang, W., Mei, J., Zhuo, R., Zhang, Y., Meng, X., Sun, C., Li, Z., Jiang, J., Fan, F., Xue, R., & Song, K. (2026). Dynamic Power Allocation in Multi-stack Fuel Cell Systems: A State Machine Strategy Incorporating Degradation Mechanisms. In L. Jia, L. Qi, Z. Liu, H. Chen, X. Xu, & B. Wei (Eds.), The Proceedings of 2025 International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems - Volume 1 (pp. 509-516). (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering; Vol. 1638 LNEE). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-92-0549-3_52

Yang, Weihong ; Mei, Jian ; Zhuo, Ran et al. / Dynamic Power Allocation in Multi-stack Fuel Cell Systems : A State Machine Strategy Incorporating Degradation Mechanisms. The Proceedings of 2025 International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems - Volume 1. editor / Limin Jia ; Lei Qi ; Zhuangzhuang Liu ; Hao Chen ; Xianfeng Xu ; Baoquan Wei. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2026. pp. 509-516 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering).

@inproceedings{bb397de8d3b540728a27ad889ed21535,

title = "Dynamic Power Allocation in Multi-stack Fuel Cell Systems: A State Machine Strategy Incorporating Degradation Mechanisms",

abstract = "Multi-Stack Fuel Cell systems (MSFCs), due to their modular design and adaptability to complex operating conditions, have become a research hotspot, but efficient and stable power distribution remains the key challenge to performance optimization. This paper proposes a state-machine-based power allocation method that integrates fuel cell degradation mechanisms and high-efficiency operating zones, defining transitions between multi-stack operating states to enable rapid decision-making and dynamic power distribution, ensuring real-time responsiveness and operational flexibility. Compared to traditional Equal Power Allocation (EPA) and Daisy Chain Power Allocation (DCPA) strategies, the proposed method shows significant advantages in reducing fuel cell degradation, while ensuring that all three fuel cell stacks operate predominantly within the high-efficiency region (efficiency > 0.5) with smaller fluctuations. The results demonstrate that this method not only reduces frequent power fluctuations but also provides a new solution for the intelligent and modular operation and management of MSFCs.",

keywords = "Multi-stack Fuel Cell, Power Allocation, State Machine Strategy",

author = "Weihong Yang and Jian Mei and Ran Zhuo and Yuxin Zhang and Xuan Meng and Chuanyu Sun and Zhongwei Li and Jinhai Jiang and Fulin Fan and Rui Xue and Kai Song",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2026.; International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems, EENES 2025 ; Conference date: 31-10-2025 Through 02-11-2025",

year = "2026",

doi = "10.1007/978-981-92-0549-3\_52",

language = "英语",

isbn = "9789819205486",

series = "Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering",

publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH",

pages = "509--516",

editor = "Limin Jia and Lei Qi and Zhuangzhuang Liu and Hao Chen and Xianfeng Xu and Baoquan Wei",

booktitle = "The Proceedings of 2025 International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems - Volume 1",

address = "德国",

}

Yang, W, Mei, J, Zhuo, R, Zhang, Y, Meng, X, Sun, C , Li, Z , Jiang, J , Fan, F, Xue, R & Song, K 2026, Dynamic Power Allocation in Multi-stack Fuel Cell Systems: A State Machine Strategy Incorporating Degradation Mechanisms. in L Jia, L Qi, Z Liu, H Chen, X Xu & B Wei (eds), The Proceedings of 2025 International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems - Volume 1. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol. 1638 LNEE, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, pp. 509-516, International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems, EENES 2025, Hangzhou, China, 31/10/25. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-92-0549-3_52

Dynamic Power Allocation in Multi-stack Fuel Cell Systems: A State Machine Strategy Incorporating Degradation Mechanisms. / Yang, Weihong; Mei, Jian; Zhuo, Ran et al.
The Proceedings of 2025 International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems - Volume 1. ed. / Limin Jia; Lei Qi; Zhuangzhuang Liu; Hao Chen; Xianfeng Xu; Baoquan Wei. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2026. p. 509-516 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering; Vol. 1638 LNEE).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Dynamic Power Allocation in Multi-stack Fuel Cell Systems

T2 - International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems, EENES 2025

AU - Yang, Weihong

AU - Mei, Jian

AU - Zhuo, Ran

AU - Zhang, Yuxin

AU - Meng, Xuan

AU - Sun, Chuanyu

AU - Li, Zhongwei

AU - Jiang, Jinhai

AU - Fan, Fulin

AU - Xue, Rui

AU - Song, Kai

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2026.

PY - 2026

Y1 - 2026

N2 - Multi-Stack Fuel Cell systems (MSFCs), due to their modular design and adaptability to complex operating conditions, have become a research hotspot, but efficient and stable power distribution remains the key challenge to performance optimization. This paper proposes a state-machine-based power allocation method that integrates fuel cell degradation mechanisms and high-efficiency operating zones, defining transitions between multi-stack operating states to enable rapid decision-making and dynamic power distribution, ensuring real-time responsiveness and operational flexibility. Compared to traditional Equal Power Allocation (EPA) and Daisy Chain Power Allocation (DCPA) strategies, the proposed method shows significant advantages in reducing fuel cell degradation, while ensuring that all three fuel cell stacks operate predominantly within the high-efficiency region (efficiency > 0.5) with smaller fluctuations. The results demonstrate that this method not only reduces frequent power fluctuations but also provides a new solution for the intelligent and modular operation and management of MSFCs.

AB - Multi-Stack Fuel Cell systems (MSFCs), due to their modular design and adaptability to complex operating conditions, have become a research hotspot, but efficient and stable power distribution remains the key challenge to performance optimization. This paper proposes a state-machine-based power allocation method that integrates fuel cell degradation mechanisms and high-efficiency operating zones, defining transitions between multi-stack operating states to enable rapid decision-making and dynamic power distribution, ensuring real-time responsiveness and operational flexibility. Compared to traditional Equal Power Allocation (EPA) and Daisy Chain Power Allocation (DCPA) strategies, the proposed method shows significant advantages in reducing fuel cell degradation, while ensuring that all three fuel cell stacks operate predominantly within the high-efficiency region (efficiency > 0.5) with smaller fluctuations. The results demonstrate that this method not only reduces frequent power fluctuations but also provides a new solution for the intelligent and modular operation and management of MSFCs.

KW - Multi-stack Fuel Cell

KW - Power Allocation

KW - State Machine Strategy

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105042737922

U2 - 10.1007/978-981-92-0549-3_52

DO - 10.1007/978-981-92-0549-3_52

M3 - 会议稿件

AN - SCOPUS:105042737922

SN - 9789819205486

T3 - Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

SP - 509

EP - 516

BT - The Proceedings of 2025 International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems - Volume 1

A2 - Jia, Limin

A2 - Qi, Lei

A2 - Liu, Zhuangzhuang

A2 - Chen, Hao

A2 - Xu, Xianfeng

A2 - Wei, Baoquan

PB - Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH

Y2 - 31 October 2025 through 2 November 2025

ER -

Yang W, Mei J, Zhuo R, Zhang Y, Meng X, Sun C et al. Dynamic Power Allocation in Multi-stack Fuel Cell Systems: A State Machine Strategy Incorporating Degradation Mechanisms. In Jia L, Qi L, Liu Z, Chen H, Xu X, Wei B, editors, The Proceedings of 2025 International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems - Volume 1. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. 2026. p. 509-516. (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering). doi: 10.1007/978-981-92-0549-3_52

Dynamic Power Allocation in Multi-stack Fuel Cell Systems: A State Machine Strategy Incorporating Degradation Mechanisms

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