Dynamic effective properties of piezoelectric composites with inclusions in arbitrary orientations

The dynamic effective properties of piezoelectric composites containing inclusions oriented in arbitrary directions are studied using the self-consistent method. The direction angle distribution function is introduced to describe the orientations of inclusions. An interpolation method for calculating the angle average integral is provided. The results of this work show good agreement with other theoretical and experimental results, both for the static and dynamic effective properties. The effect of the volume fraction on the effective phase velocity and attenuation is examined. The influence of the degree of alignment of the inclusions on the effective elastic moduli and resonant frequency is analyzed. The results show that the effects of the shape and orientation of the inclusions, as well as the frequency, act jointly rather than independently. The model will offer theoretical insights into controlling elastic waves in piezoelectric composites by adjusting the orientation of inclusions.