Dual Therapeutic Effects of Ultra-Small Platinum-Selenium Nanoparticles on Oxalate-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Serum oxalate levels can rapidly increase due to specific dietary factors or ethylene glycol exposure, triggering acute kidney injury (AKI). Disorders like nephrocalcinosis and calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephropathy cause inflammation and renal failure without effective therapy. To address this challenge, ultra-small platinum-selenium (Pt-Se) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized to inhibit CaOxcrystallization by adsorbing C₂O₄²⁻ to block nucleation and by binding to crystal growth sites. in vitro and in vivo studies were performed to assess the inhibition of CaOx crystallization and oxalate-induced AKI. Pt-Se NPs not only suppressed CaOx crystallization but also inhibited crystal-cell interactions, thereby reducing CaOx-induced cell damage. Furthermore, in a hyperoxaluria mouse model, these NPs significantly decreased renal CaOx crystal deposition and attenuated kidney injury with excellent biocompatibility. In conclusion, ultra-small Pt-Se NPs represent a promising therapeutic strategy for acute CaOx crystal-induced nephropathy.