Digital light processing-printed nanozyme-integrated hydrogels enable spatiotemporal immunomodulation and repair of infected wounds

Infected wound healing remains a major clinical challenge because antibacterial control, immune regulation and tissue regeneration are rarely achieved in a coordinated manner. Here we report a digitally light-processed (DLP) 3D-printed hydrogel integrating a ZIF-8@tannic acid@MXene nanozyme within a gelatin methacrylate (GelMA)/chitosan methacrylate (CSMA) matrix (ZGC) for spatiotemporally controlled wound therapy. The DLP strategy enables high-fidelity fabrication of mechanically compliant dressings with interconnected pores and complex architectures. Under near-infrared irradiation, the ZGC hydrogel exhibits efficient photothermal conversion (47.3%) and achieves rapid bacterial eradication (>99.9%) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . Mechanistically, the nanozyme mediates dynamic regulation of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory signalling, thereby synchronizing antibacterial action with immune resolution and tissue regeneration. In a rat infected full-thickness wound model, ZGC plus near-infrared treatment accelerates wound closure to a residual wound area of <2% by day 14, accompanied by enhanced collagen deposition, neovascularization and reduced inflammatory marker expression, without detectable systemic toxicity. These findings establish a DLP-printable, immuno-instructive nanozyme hydrogel as a translational platform for advanced and potentially personalized wound care. Statement of significance Infected wound healing remains a major clinical challenge because current therapies rarely achieve simultaneous control over bacterial burden, oxidative stress, and immune dysregulation. Existing photothermal or antibacterial hydrogels typically emphasize pathogen eradication but overlook the spatiotemporal coordination of immune resolution and tissue regeneration, while conventional 3D-printed scaffolds lack intrinsic immunomodulatory function. In this work, we introduce a digitally light-processed (DLP) 3D-printed nanozyme-integrated hydrogel that unifies precise structural programmability with material-driven immunoregulation. By integrating a ZIF-8@tannic acid@MXene nanozyme within a GelMA/CSMA printable network, the system achieves on-demand photothermal antibacterial activity, dynamic ROS homeostasis, and gene-level modulation of inflammatory and regenerative pathways. Unlike prior reports that rely on drug loading or single-mode antibacterial mechanisms, this platform demonstrates that engineered heterojunction nanozymes embedded in DLP-printed hydrogels can function as immuno-instructive materials, synchronizing infection control with accelerated tissue repair. Transcriptomic analyses further reveal that the hydrogel actively reshapes MAPK-centered inflammatory networks toward regeneration, providing mechanistic insight beyond phenotypic healing outcomes. This study establishes a new paradigm for precision wound therapeutics that bridges advanced additive manufacturing, nanozyme catalysis, and immune engineering, offering broad interest to readers in biomaterials, biofabrication, and translational regenerative medicine.