Differential proportional divider resistance method for high resolution temperature measurement

High-resolution and high-accuracy temperature-measuring systems are vital for advanced missions in aerospace applications that require minimal temperature fluctuations (reaching levels of 0.1 mK/Hz^1/2 within a frequency range of 0.1 mHz to 1 Hz). However, drift errors and noise arising from the electrical characteristics and electronic components in a measurement circuit must be alleviated to enhance accuracy and resolution. Here, we propose a differential proportional divider-resistance measurement method to effectively mitigate low-frequency noise and long-term temperature drift errors by continuous voltage sampling and subtraction. We show the effectiveness of our method in suppressing measurement noise within the low-frequency range by measuring the noise spectral density of the proposed system. We demonstrate a resolution of 0.017 mK through an equivalent temperature measurement experiment utilizing a high-precision resistance decade box. Our findings offer new means to developing highly-resolved temperature measurements for high-precision applications.