Development and characterization of a magnetorheological damper with low-velocity sensitivity

Magnetorheological (MR) dampers, utilizing the unique properties of advanced materials, are extensively applied in vibration control systems. However, their performance is often compromised by the structural limitations of conventional designs. The damping force in conventional MR dampers is highly sensitive to velocity variations, primarily due to the interdependence between the piston area and the dimensions of the throttling channels, which are typically inseparable. This inherent coupling restricts the simultaneous optimization of the damping force and adjustable damping ratio, reducing the effectiveness of the magnetorheological dampers in velocity-sensitive environments. Moreover, conventional MR dampers are often characterized by complex structures and large sizes. To overcome these limitations, a novel double-rod bypass magnetorheological damper is proposed. Through the application of fluid mechanics principles and the rheological behavior of MR fluids, the velocity distribution within the throttling channel is thoroughly examined. The Bingham model is employed to establish both the velocity profile and the corresponding mechanical model, and the theoretical results align closely with experimental data, confirming the accuracy of the quasi-static model. Experimental results further demonstrate the proposed damper’s superior sensitivity to low velocities. This approach provides valuable theoretical guidance for the design of advanced MR dampers.