Design of Artificial Selenoenzymes Based on Macromolecular Scaffolds

The selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase has received increased attention as one of the antioxidative enzymes exerting important biological roles in living bodies. Over the past decades, much effort has been invested to mimic its catalytic behavior for understanding enzymatic catalytic mechanisms and also for developing potential medicines. A great number of artificial GPxs, ranging from small molecular compounds to macromolecular ones, have been designed and prepared by combining the concept of recognition and catalysis using chemical, biological and supramolecular strategies. In this article, we specify the development of artificial GPxs based on macromolecules as scaffolds, and discuss the power of reduced models in studying the bio-catalytic nature of selenoenzymes.The recent development of artificial selenoenzymes based on macromolecules as scaffolds, such as polymeric micelles, dendrimers, hydrogels, proteins and catalytic antibodies is outlined. The concepts and strategies for selenoenzyme design, including supramolecular self-assembly, molecular imprinting, gene engineering and catalytic antibodies, and the basic bio-catalytic nature of selenoenzymes are discussed.