Design of advanced composite battery materials based on nanoporous functional materials with different dimensionality

Recently, composite materials have gained great interest in reversible electrochemical energy storage power batteries, particularly, solid-state lithium batteries to fulfill the increasing energy demands worldwide. It is mainly due to their excellent thermal and mechanical stability, tailorable interphase compatibility, large exposed surface for lithium-ion de/intercalation, shortened and diffused conducting channels, nanoconfinements, diverse morphologies and structures, relatively low cost and high safety during storage and usage. This review focuses on how the dimensionality of the porous functional materials and their composites have raised the interest of researchers in solid-state battery applications. The structural characteristics of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, polymers of intrinsic microporosity, polyoxometalates, graphene, and MXenes are summarized, and their composites in solid-state battery applications are discussed. The benefits and limitations of these porous functional materials in electrodes, interlayers/separators, and electrolytes are described. The discussions highlight that the rationale design of nanoporous functional composites is the promising direction for the development of solid-state batteries and their practical implementation.