Design and fabrication of diffractive microlens arrays with continuous relief for parallel laser direct writing

Diffractive microlens arrays with continuous relief are designed, fabricated, and characterized by using Fermat's principle to create an array of spots on the photoresist-coated surface of a substrate for parallel laser direct writing. Experimental results indicate that a diffraction efficiency of 71.4% and a spot size of 1.97 μm (FWHM) can be achieved at normal incidence and a writing laser wavelength of 441.6 nm with an array of F/4 fabricated on fused silica, and the developed array can be used to improve the utilization ratio of writing laser energy.