Copper efficiency removal in single-chamber microbial fuel cells

An air-cathode single-chamber microbial fuel cell (SMFC) was utilized for removal of Cu(II) from simulated wastewater. Taking Cu(II) removal efficiency and output voltage as performance indicators, the influence of initial copper concentration, pH, and external resistor were investigated. The experimental results show that the estimated maximum tolerable concentration (MTC) of Cu(II) in SMFC is 12.5 mg·L^-1, optimal initial pH is 6.0, and minimal external resistor is 500 Ω to remove Cu(II). Effluent Cu(II) concentration was less than 0.5 mg·L^-1 in SMFCs, which complied with the criteria for “Discharge Standards of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant” (GB18918-2002). This study broadens the application of biological electrical systems (BES) for removing heavy metals with energy generation.