Coordinated restoration of inverter-based power sources and synchronous generators for the high renewable penetrated power system considering the dynamic frequency regulation capability

Extensive inverter-based power sources (IPS) impose significant challenges on the restoration of high renewable penetrated power systems (HRPPS). To enhance HRPPS resilience, the proper utilization of IPSs must be implemented. Combining frequency dynamics of IPSs and synchronous generators, this paper proposes a coordinated restoration method for multi-type power sources after a major blackout. First, interactions between synchronous generators and IPSs are systematically analyzed. Based on this, output characteristics and constraints of IPSs in the power sources restoration process are quantified. Second, the dynamic frequency regulation capability (DFRC) of restored systems is quantified based on a unified transfer function structure model. Then the maximum power disturbance that restored systems can bear is derived based on DFRC indices including the maximum frequency deviation and the rate of change of frequency. Third, considering interactions between power sources and the DFRC of restored systems, a coordinated restoration optimization model of multi-type power sources is proposed. Finally, case studies based on a modified IEEE 39-bus system are simulated to verify the applicability and superiority of the proposed method. Meanwhile, results show that the proposed method for quantifying DFRC is more suitable for HRPPSs than traditional inertia-based methods.