Collision avoidance ZEM/ZEV optimal feedback guidance for powered descent phase of landing on Mars

A novel zero-effort-miss (ZEM)/zero-effort-velocity (ZEV) optimal feedback guidance is proposed in order to rule out the possibility of Martian surface collision caused by the classical ZEM/ZEV optimal feedback guidance. The main approach is to add a collision avoidance term, which has self-adjustment capacity to ensure the near fuel optimality. Its main improvement is that it can not only successfully avoid collisions with the thruster constraint but also guarantee the near fuel optimality, and both of them are pivotal performances in Mars landing missions. Simulations are made to show the effectiveness of the proposed guidance and the parameters effects are simulated as well to analyze the properties of the proposed guidance.