Collaborative Planning for Electricity Distribution Network and Transportation System Considering Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles

Under the pressure of climate change, the transportation sector is under electrification, and electric vehicles (EVs) are encouraged to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels. However, in those regions where coal is a dominating power generation fuel source, different opinions about whether EVs can help emission reduction exist. In other words, whether EVs can help emission reduction depends on the energy system configuration and the power generation mix. To achieve the overall emission reduction in both systems, a collaborative planning strategy for electricity and transportation systems is proposed. In the electricity distribution network, the renewable energy source is planned to cope with future demand growth due to the increasing use of EVs. In the transportation network, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) are introduced to realize the coordinated development of different types of vehicles. The location of the hydrogen refueling stations can be planned, and the penetration ratio of internal combustion vehicles, EVs, and FCVs is optimized. The proposed planning model is verified on the 46-bus electricity distribution network and the 21-bus transportation network. The mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and subgradient methods are employed to solve the proposed optimization model. According to the simulation results, the proposed model can achieve the lowest emission since the electricity and transportation systems can cooperate well.