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Can LLMs Learn Uncertainty on Their Own? Expressing Uncertainty Effectively in A Self-Training Manner

  • Shudong Liu
  • , Zhaocong Li
  • , Xuebo Liu*
  • , Runzhe Zhan
  • , Derek F. Wong*
  • , Lidia S. Chao
  • , Min Zhang
  • *Corresponding author for this work
  • University of Macau
  • Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contributionpeer-review

Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit excessive, random, and uninformative uncertainty, rendering them unsuitable for decision-making in human-computer interactions. In this paper, we aim to instigate a heightened awareness of self-uncertainty in LLMs, enabling them to express uncertainty more effectively. To accomplish this, we propose an uncertainty-aware instruction tuning (UaIT) method, aligning LLMs' perception with the probabilistic uncertainty of the generation. We conducted experiments using LLaMA2 and Mistral on multiple free-form QA tasks. Experimental results revealed a surprising 45.2% improvement in the effectiveness of uncertainty expression by LLMs, accompanied by reasonably good out-of-domain generalization capabilities. Moreover, this uncertainty expression can serve as a valuable real-time basis for human decision-making, e.g., retrieving external documents and incorporating stronger LLMs.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationEMNLP 2024 - 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Proceedings of the Conference
EditorsYaser Al-Onaizan, Mohit Bansal, Yun-Nung Chen
PublisherAssociation for Computational Linguistics (ACL)
Pages21635-21645
Number of pages11
ISBN (Electronic)9798891761643
DOIs
StatePublished - 2024
Externally publishedYes
Event2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2024 - Hybrid, Miami, United States
Duration: 12 Nov 202416 Nov 2024

Publication series

NameEMNLP 2024 - 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Proceedings of the Conference

Conference

Conference2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2024
Country/TerritoryUnited States
CityHybrid, Miami
Period12/11/2416/11/24

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