Bifurcation analysis on a river population model with varying boundary conditions

A delayed reaction-diffusion-advection equation subject to constant-flux and free-flow boundary conditions is considered, which models single population dynamics in a river. At first, we show the existence of a nonconstant steady state induced by the change of constant flux value. Then by analyzing the distribution of eigenvalues, the stability of the constant and nonconstant steady states and the existence of Hopf bifurcations are obtained. And an algorithm for determining the direction and stability of Hopf bifurcations is derived by applying the center manifold theory and normal form method for PFDEs. Finally, the effects of advection and downstream boundary condition on periodic oscillations are discussed theoretically and numerically.