Bacterial and genetic resources for typical emerging pharmaceuticals and personal care products degradation

The environmental risks from the pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) residues have attracted much concern globally. Many kinds of PPCPs could induce the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant genes, which are also listed as one of the top target pollutants by the World Health Organization. For PPCPs removal, microbial degradation displays advantages of low-cost, mild reaction conditions, and secondary pollution waived compared to physical and/or chemical methods. However, the key determinants to the fate of recalcitrant compounds during microbial degradation were the functional consortia, genera, and genes in various environments. Several PPCPs including antimicrobial agents triclocarban, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, and chloramphenicol, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs ibuprofen and naproxen were selected as representatives, and their degradation functional strains isolated so far, identified functional genes as well as proposed transformation pathways were summarized in detail. Most functional genera were identified as Pseudomonas, Nocardioides and the family Sphingomonadaceae. Not many isolates have been obtained, thus, more functional strains are necessary to contribute to the future application in bioaugmentation. The machine learning and model construction would facilitate the discovery of more molecular mechanisms and optimize the parameters in practical bioremediation.