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Assessing Inertial Response Time of Grid-Forming Converters: A Comprehensive Evaluation

  • Li Sun*
  • , Tiancheng Zhou
  • , Yunshuai Pan
  • , Wenjiang Zhu
  • *Corresponding author for this work
  • Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen
  • China General Nuclear Power Group

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contributionpeer-review

Abstract

Grid-forming (GFM) voltage-source converter (VSC) systems mimic the inertial response of synchronous generators, though the inertial response time varies with the dynamic grid environment. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the inertial response time in GFM VSC systems. It begins by defining the inertial response time for transient power support, followed by an analytical expression for the evaluation. The analysis reveals that the inertial response time is influenced by several factors, including the grid characteristics, grid interconnection levels, and specific VSC control settings. It also notes the occurrence of under-damped oscillations during grid condition changes. Simulation results validate the analysis of GFM-VSC inertial response time.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publication2025 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2025
PublisherIEEE Computer Society
ISBN (Electronic)9798331509958
DOIs
StatePublished - 2025
Externally publishedYes
Event2025 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2025 - Austin, United States
Duration: 27 Jul 202531 Jul 2025

Publication series

NameIEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting
ISSN (Print)1944-9925
ISSN (Electronic)1944-9933

Conference

Conference2025 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2025
Country/TerritoryUnited States
CityAustin
Period27/07/2531/07/25

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

  1. SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy
    SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Keywords

  • Grid-forming (GFM)
  • grid strength
  • inertia response time (IRT)
  • rate of the change of frequency (RoCoF)

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