Analysis of 3-year observations of CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 from a semi-rural site in China

Fang Zhang; Lingxi Zhou; Bo Yao; Martin K. Vollmer; Brian R. Greally; Peter G. Simmonds; Stefan Reimann; Frode Stordal; Michela Maione; Lin Xu; Xiaochun Zhang

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.041

Analysis of 3-year observations of CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 from a semi-rural site in China

Fang Zhang
, Lingxi Zhou^*
, Bo Yao
, Martin K. Vollmer
, Brian R. Greally
, Peter G. Simmonds
, Stefan Reimann
, Frode Stordal
, Michela Maione
, Lin Xu
, Xiaochun Zhang

^*Corresponding author for this work

China Meteorological Administration
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)
University of Bristol
University of Oslo
University of Urbino

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

32 Scopus citations

Abstract

In-situ measurements of atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) can be used to the assess their global and regional emissions and to check for compliance with phase-out schedules under Montreal protocol and its amendments. The atmospheric mixing ratios of CFC-11 (CCl₃F), CFC-12 (CCl₂F₂) and CFC-113 (CCl₂F-CClF₂) have been measured by an automated in-situ GC-ECDs system at the regional Chinese Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) station Shangdianzi (SDZ), from November 2006 to October 2009. The time series for these three principal CFCs showed large episodic events and background conditions occurred for approximately 30% (CFC-11), 52% (CFC-12) and 56% (CFC-113) of the measurements. The mean background mixing ratios for CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 were 244.8 ppt (parts per trillion, 10^-12, molar) 539.6 ppt and 76.8 ppt, respectively, for 2006-2009. The enhanced CFC mixing ratios compared to AGAGE sites such as Trinidad Head (THD), US and Mace Head (MHD), Ireland suggest regional influences even during background conditions at SDZ, which is much closer to highly-populated areas. Between 2006 and 2009 background CFCs exhibited downward trends at rates of -2.0 ppt yr^-1 for CFC-11, -2.5 ppt yr^-1 for CFC-12 and -0.7 ppt yr^-1 for CFC-113. De-trended 3-year average background seasonal cycles displayed small fluctuations with peak-to-trough amplitudes of 1.0 ± 0.02 ppt (0.4%) for background CFC-11, 1.3 ± 2.1 ppt (0.3%) for CFC-12 and 0.2 ± 0.4 ppt (0.3%) for CFC-113. On the other hand, during pollution periods these CFCs showed much larger seasonal cycles of 11.2 ± 10.7 ppt (5%) for CFC-11, 7.5 ± 6.5 ppt (2%) for CFC-12 and 1.0 ± 1.2 ppt (1.2%) for CFC-113, with apparent winter minima and early summer maxima. This enhancement was attributed to prevailing wind directions from urban regions in summer and to enhanced anthropogenic sources during the warm season. In general, horizontal winds from northeast showed negative contribution to atmospheric CFCs loading, whereas South Western advection (urban sector: Beijing) had positive contributions.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	4454-4462
Number of pages	9
Journal	Atmospheric Environment
Volume	44
Issue number	35
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.041
State	Published - Nov 2010
Externally published	Yes

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This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities

Keywords

CFCs
Data analysis
GAW
Seasonality
Shangdianzi

Access to Document

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.041

Cite this

@article{bb77b676190d461c9457f5ad5f491fff,

title = "Analysis of 3-year observations of CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 from a semi-rural site in China",

abstract = "In-situ measurements of atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) can be used to the assess their global and regional emissions and to check for compliance with phase-out schedules under Montreal protocol and its amendments. The atmospheric mixing ratios of CFC-11 (CCl3F), CFC-12 (CCl2F2) and CFC-113 (CCl2F-CClF2) have been measured by an automated in-situ GC-ECDs system at the regional Chinese Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) station Shangdianzi (SDZ), from November 2006 to October 2009. The time series for these three principal CFCs showed large episodic events and background conditions occurred for approximately 30\% (CFC-11), 52\% (CFC-12) and 56\% (CFC-113) of the measurements. The mean background mixing ratios for CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 were 244.8 ppt (parts per trillion, 10-12, molar) 539.6 ppt and 76.8 ppt, respectively, for 2006-2009. The enhanced CFC mixing ratios compared to AGAGE sites such as Trinidad Head (THD), US and Mace Head (MHD), Ireland suggest regional influences even during background conditions at SDZ, which is much closer to highly-populated areas. Between 2006 and 2009 background CFCs exhibited downward trends at rates of -2.0 ppt yr-1 for CFC-11, -2.5 ppt yr-1 for CFC-12 and -0.7 ppt yr-1 for CFC-113. De-trended 3-year average background seasonal cycles displayed small fluctuations with peak-to-trough amplitudes of 1.0 ± 0.02 ppt (0.4\%) for background CFC-11, 1.3 ± 2.1 ppt (0.3\%) for CFC-12 and 0.2 ± 0.4 ppt (0.3\%) for CFC-113. On the other hand, during pollution periods these CFCs showed much larger seasonal cycles of 11.2 ± 10.7 ppt (5\%) for CFC-11, 7.5 ± 6.5 ppt (2\%) for CFC-12 and 1.0 ± 1.2 ppt (1.2\%) for CFC-113, with apparent winter minima and early summer maxima. This enhancement was attributed to prevailing wind directions from urban regions in summer and to enhanced anthropogenic sources during the warm season. In general, horizontal winds from northeast showed negative contribution to atmospheric CFCs loading, whereas South Western advection (urban sector: Beijing) had positive contributions.",

keywords = "CFCs, Data analysis, GAW, Seasonality, Shangdianzi",

author = "Fang Zhang and Lingxi Zhou and Bo Yao and Vollmer, \{Martin K.\} and Greally, \{Brian R.\} and Simmonds, \{Peter G.\} and Stefan Reimann and Frode Stordal and Michela Maione and Lin Xu and Xiaochun Zhang",

year = "2010",

month = nov,

doi = "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.041",

language = "英语",

volume = "44",

pages = "4454--4462",

journal = "Atmospheric Environment",

issn = "1352-2310",

publisher = "Elsevier Ltd",

number = "35",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Analysis of 3-year observations of CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 from a semi-rural site in China

AU - Zhang, Fang

AU - Zhou, Lingxi

AU - Yao, Bo

AU - Vollmer, Martin K.

AU - Greally, Brian R.

AU - Simmonds, Peter G.

AU - Reimann, Stefan

AU - Stordal, Frode

AU - Maione, Michela

AU - Xu, Lin

AU - Zhang, Xiaochun

PY - 2010/11

Y1 - 2010/11

N2 - In-situ measurements of atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) can be used to the assess their global and regional emissions and to check for compliance with phase-out schedules under Montreal protocol and its amendments. The atmospheric mixing ratios of CFC-11 (CCl3F), CFC-12 (CCl2F2) and CFC-113 (CCl2F-CClF2) have been measured by an automated in-situ GC-ECDs system at the regional Chinese Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) station Shangdianzi (SDZ), from November 2006 to October 2009. The time series for these three principal CFCs showed large episodic events and background conditions occurred for approximately 30% (CFC-11), 52% (CFC-12) and 56% (CFC-113) of the measurements. The mean background mixing ratios for CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 were 244.8 ppt (parts per trillion, 10-12, molar) 539.6 ppt and 76.8 ppt, respectively, for 2006-2009. The enhanced CFC mixing ratios compared to AGAGE sites such as Trinidad Head (THD), US and Mace Head (MHD), Ireland suggest regional influences even during background conditions at SDZ, which is much closer to highly-populated areas. Between 2006 and 2009 background CFCs exhibited downward trends at rates of -2.0 ppt yr-1 for CFC-11, -2.5 ppt yr-1 for CFC-12 and -0.7 ppt yr-1 for CFC-113. De-trended 3-year average background seasonal cycles displayed small fluctuations with peak-to-trough amplitudes of 1.0 ± 0.02 ppt (0.4%) for background CFC-11, 1.3 ± 2.1 ppt (0.3%) for CFC-12 and 0.2 ± 0.4 ppt (0.3%) for CFC-113. On the other hand, during pollution periods these CFCs showed much larger seasonal cycles of 11.2 ± 10.7 ppt (5%) for CFC-11, 7.5 ± 6.5 ppt (2%) for CFC-12 and 1.0 ± 1.2 ppt (1.2%) for CFC-113, with apparent winter minima and early summer maxima. This enhancement was attributed to prevailing wind directions from urban regions in summer and to enhanced anthropogenic sources during the warm season. In general, horizontal winds from northeast showed negative contribution to atmospheric CFCs loading, whereas South Western advection (urban sector: Beijing) had positive contributions.

AB - In-situ measurements of atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) can be used to the assess their global and regional emissions and to check for compliance with phase-out schedules under Montreal protocol and its amendments. The atmospheric mixing ratios of CFC-11 (CCl3F), CFC-12 (CCl2F2) and CFC-113 (CCl2F-CClF2) have been measured by an automated in-situ GC-ECDs system at the regional Chinese Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) station Shangdianzi (SDZ), from November 2006 to October 2009. The time series for these three principal CFCs showed large episodic events and background conditions occurred for approximately 30% (CFC-11), 52% (CFC-12) and 56% (CFC-113) of the measurements. The mean background mixing ratios for CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 were 244.8 ppt (parts per trillion, 10-12, molar) 539.6 ppt and 76.8 ppt, respectively, for 2006-2009. The enhanced CFC mixing ratios compared to AGAGE sites such as Trinidad Head (THD), US and Mace Head (MHD), Ireland suggest regional influences even during background conditions at SDZ, which is much closer to highly-populated areas. Between 2006 and 2009 background CFCs exhibited downward trends at rates of -2.0 ppt yr-1 for CFC-11, -2.5 ppt yr-1 for CFC-12 and -0.7 ppt yr-1 for CFC-113. De-trended 3-year average background seasonal cycles displayed small fluctuations with peak-to-trough amplitudes of 1.0 ± 0.02 ppt (0.4%) for background CFC-11, 1.3 ± 2.1 ppt (0.3%) for CFC-12 and 0.2 ± 0.4 ppt (0.3%) for CFC-113. On the other hand, during pollution periods these CFCs showed much larger seasonal cycles of 11.2 ± 10.7 ppt (5%) for CFC-11, 7.5 ± 6.5 ppt (2%) for CFC-12 and 1.0 ± 1.2 ppt (1.2%) for CFC-113, with apparent winter minima and early summer maxima. This enhancement was attributed to prevailing wind directions from urban regions in summer and to enhanced anthropogenic sources during the warm season. In general, horizontal winds from northeast showed negative contribution to atmospheric CFCs loading, whereas South Western advection (urban sector: Beijing) had positive contributions.

KW - CFCs

KW - Data analysis

KW - GAW

KW - Seasonality

KW - Shangdianzi

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/77956870909

U2 - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.041

DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.041

M3 - 文章

AN - SCOPUS:77956870909

SN - 1352-2310

VL - 44

SP - 4454

EP - 4462

JO - Atmospheric Environment

JF - Atmospheric Environment

IS - 35

ER -

Analysis of 3-year observations of CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 from a semi-rural site in China

Abstract

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Keywords

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