An Exploration of Nanobiotechnology Bridging Patho-Therapeutics with Regenerative and Clinical Perspectives in Periodontitis

Periodontal disease represents a major global concern characterized by chronic biofilm-driven inflammation, excessive oxidative stress, progressive tissue destruction, and impaired regenerative capacity. Beyond conventional antimicrobial approaches, recent progress has shifted toward host-directed and regenerative therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring both oral function and tissue homeostasis. This review consolidates current developments in nanobiotechnology-based materials that modulate immune responses, scavenge reactive oxygen species, and promote angiogenesis and osteogenesis, thereby facilitating the effective regeneration of dental and periodontal tissues. Emphasis is placed on bioresponsive hydrogels, bioactive scaffolds, and gas-releasing platforms that integrate therapeutic regulation with tissue repair. The discussion further highlights key advances in polymeric and inorganic biomaterials designed to balance antibacterial action with cellular compatibility and regenerative potential. By linking pathophysiological mechanisms with material-guided healing processes, this review provides a comprehensive perspective on emerging nanobiotechnological solutions that bridge patho-therapeutics with regenerative and clinical dentistry.